Facilities

Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, HFIR is one of the most important U.S. isotope production reactors. Its high neutron flux makes it especially valuable for producing both medical and research isotopes.

Known for: Medical isotopes, heavy actinides, and specialized research isotopes.

Note: A cornerstone of U.S. isotope production capability. Public reporting also places HFIR among the very small set of sources able to produce californium-252 at meaningful scale.

Idaho Falls area, Idaho, USA

Located at Idaho National Laboratory, ATR is a major materials test reactor with important roles in irradiation services and isotope-related work.

Known for: Materials irradiation, research support, and selected isotope production roles.

Columbia, Missouri, USA

MURR is one of the most significant university-based isotope production reactors in North America and an important supplier of medical isotopes.

Known for: Medical isotopes and research-related production.

Note: A key non-national-lab contributor to U.S. medical isotope supply.

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

McMaster operates an important Canadian university reactor with medical isotope and research roles.

Known for: Medical and research isotope production in Canada.

Mol, Belgium

BR2 is a major European high-flux research reactor and an important part of the continent's medical and research isotope infrastructure.

Known for: High-flux irradiation and medical isotope production.

Petten, Netherlands

HFR Petten has long been one of the most important European reactors for medical isotope production.

Known for: Medical isotope production and irradiation services.

Garching, Germany

FRM II is a major German research reactor supporting neutron science and isotope-related irradiation work.

Known for: Research irradiation and specialized isotope support.

Grenoble, France

ILL operates one of the world's leading high-flux neutron sources and is a central European research infrastructure.

Known for: High-flux neutron research and related irradiation capability.

Rez, Czech Republic

LVR-15 is an important Central European research reactor used for irradiation and isotope-related work.

Known for: Research reactor irradiation and regional isotope support.

Swierk, Poland

MARIA is Poland's key research reactor and a meaningful part of European medical and research isotope capacity.

Known for: Medical and research isotope production.

Lucas Heights, Australia

OPAL is Australia's open-pool research reactor and the core of ANSTO's isotope production capability.

Known for: Medical and industrial isotope production for Australia and export markets.

Pelindaba, South Africa

SAFARI-1 supports major medical isotope production through South Africa's NTP system.

Known for: Medical isotope production, including Mo-99 related supply.

Daejeon, South Korea

HANARO is South Korea's leading research reactor platform for neutron science and isotope-related work.

Known for: Research irradiation and regional isotope capability.

Trombay, Mumbai, India

Dhruva is a major Indian research reactor within the country's broader nuclear research and isotope infrastructure.

Known for: Research reactor capacity and isotope-related irradiation.

Dimitrovgrad area, Russia

Russian research reactor associated with specialized isotope production. Public reporting treats SM-3, alongside HFIR, as one of the very small set of sources able to produce californium-252 at meaningful scale.

Known for: Specialized high-value isotope production, including Cf-252 related pathways.

Note: Concentration risk example. When only a handful of reactors can make a given isotope, outage or access limits become system-level issues.

Petten area, Netherlands

Planned high-flux research reactor intended to succeed HFR Petten as a major European medical isotope irradiation source. Not operating yet.

Known for: Future Mo-99 and medical isotope irradiation capacity for Europe.

Note: Under construction. Public planning points to operation around 2030 to 2031. Important because HFR Petten is a concentrated node in current supply. Listed here, not as an active map production node.

Tiverton, Ontario, Canada

Commercial power-reactor isotope production system supporting Lu-177 and Co-60 pathways, including on-site hot cell capability that strengthens therapeutic isotope supply logistics.

Known for: Power-reactor production of Lu-177 and Co-60 related isotopes.

Note: Structurally different from dedicated research reactors. Commercial power infrastructure used for isotope output.

Clarington, Ontario, Canada

Power-reactor pathway supporting Mo-99 related production and expanding Co-60 output as refurbished units return to service. Part of the broader shift toward using selected commercial reactors for medical and industrial isotope supply.

Known for: Power-reactor Mo-99 related pathways and Co-60 production tied to unit refurbishment and long-term isotope supply planning.

Note: Another example of commercial nuclear infrastructure entering isotope supply, not a research reactor built primarily for irradiation services.

Lower Alloways Creek, New Jersey, USA

Commercial PWR site selected for first commercial-scale cobalt-60 production in U.S. pressurized water reactors under publicly announced agreements involving Westinghouse, Nordion, and PSEG Nuclear. Represents a domestic power-reactor pathway for industrial and medical Co-60 supply.

Known for: Planned Co-60 production pathway in a U.S. PWR, expanding supply beyond traditional foreign and CANDU-centered sources.

Note: Public project only. Structurally different from research-reactor isotope production. Status depends on licensing and implementation schedules.

Upton, New York, USA

BLIP is a key U.S. accelerator-based isotope production facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Known for: Accelerator-produced medical and research isotopes.

Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

IPF supports accelerator-based isotope production within the U.S. national laboratory system.

Known for: Accelerator isotope production for research and specialty needs.

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

TRIUMF is Canada's particle accelerator centre with major roles in isotope research and production.

Known for: Accelerator-based medical and research isotopes.

Nantes, France

ARRONAX is a dedicated European accelerator facility focused on medical radioisotope production and research.

Known for: Medical radioisotope production by accelerator routes.

Villigen, Switzerland

PSI is a major Swiss research centre with accelerator infrastructure used in isotope and nuclear science work.

Known for: Accelerator research and specialized isotope capability.

Cape Town area, South Africa

iThemba LABS provides accelerator-based nuclear research and isotope-related capability in South Africa.

Known for: Accelerator isotope research and regional production support.

Coordinates production and distribution of many research and specialty isotopes across U.S. national laboratory capabilities.

Known for: Research isotopes, specialty isotopes, and strategic production coordination.

Note: Network layer, not a single map point.

International cooperation, data resources, and technical support across the global research reactor landscape.

Known for: International reactor data, cooperation, and capacity visibility.

Note: Network layer, not a single map point.

Regional radiopharmacies and distribution systems convert produced isotopes into clinically usable doses on time.

Known for: Last-mile medical isotope preparation, quality control, and clinical supply.

Note: Distributed logistics layer, not a single map point.